PlanetAI Publication Repository

Check out research publications produced under the PlanetAI Research Lab focusing on sustainable artificial intelligence, responsible computing, Human-AI Cointelligence and environmentally aware digital infrastructure.

PlanetAI Publications

Carbon-Aware Training Schedules for Machine Learning Models: An Energy-Efficient Green AI Approach

This paper proposes the usage of carbon-aware training schedules as an efficient Green AI technique that helps to significantly decrease the energy demand as well as CO2 emissions associated with machine learning models without impairing their prediction performance.

Author: S Munshi, L. FernandezPub Id: PARL-RA-001 Publication Type: Journal Article Topic Maturity: Early results, Experimentally Verified Date: 15th January 2026
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Towards Energy Complexity Theory for Deep Learning Systems

Acknowledging energy as a computational resource, the study introduces Energy Complexity as a hardware-parameterized computational measure which extends the concept of classical operation counting by weighting arithmetic, memory, and communication events according to their physical energy cost.

Author: S Munshi, K.Karmakar, S. GhoshPub Id: PARL-RA-002 Publication Type: Journal Article Topic Maturity: Mathematically proven and verified Date: Yet to be published
Coming Soon

Green Activation Functions: Designing Energy-Efficient Nonlinearities for Sustainable Deep Learning

This paper proposes Green Activation Functions—energy-aware nonlinearities designed to reduce the computational energy demand of deep learning models. We examine how seemingly small architectural choices can influence the overall environmental footprint of DL.

Author: S Munshi, K.KarmakarPub Id: PARL-RA-003 Publication Type: Journal Article Topic Maturity: Mathematically proven, Experimentally verified Date: Yet to be published
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Case Studies & Opinions

Bias and Ethical Risks in AI Systems

Case: Facial Recognition Bias

This case study examines the ethical and societal risks arising from bias in facial recognition systems, where differences in training data can lead to unequal accuracy across demographic groups. It highlights the importance of fairness auditing, transparent datasets, and responsible AI design to mitigate discrimination and improve trust in automated decision-making systems.

Author: S MunshiPub Id: PARL-CS-001 Publication Type: Case Study Date: 30th January 2026
Study Case

Why AI Sustainability Must Move Beyond Data Centers?

AI sustainability discussions often focus on making data centers more energy-efficient, but the environmental impact of AI also depends on model design, training strategies, and algorithmic complexity. True sustainable AI therefore requires optimizing the entire AI lifecycle—from data and algorithms to deployment and usage—not just the infrastructure that runs it.

Author: S MunshiPub Id: PARL-OP-001 Publication Type: Case Study Date: 10th February 2026
Study Opinion